前言：

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String字符串类型详解

常用命令

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127.0.0.1:6379> set name jokerdig # 设置值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name # 获取值
"jokerdig"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * # 获取所有key
1) "mylist"
2) "counter:__rand_int__"
3) "key:__rand_int__"
4) "name"
5) "myhash"
127.0.0.1:6379> exists name # 判断key是否存在
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> append name ".com" # 追加字符串，当key不存在，就同set
(integer) 20
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"jokerdig.com"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen name # 获得字符串的长度
(integer) 20
127.0.0.1:6379>

i++实现

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127.0.0.1:6379> set views 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views # 自增1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views # 自减1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"-1"
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby views 10 # 设置步长
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby views 10
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379>

字符串范围 range

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set key1 "jokerdig.com"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get keys
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get key1
"jokerdig.com"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getrange key1 0 5 # 截取字符串(0,3]
"jokerd"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getrange key1 0 -1 # 获取全部字符串
"jokerdig.com"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> setrange key1 2 xx # 替换指定位置的字符串
(integer) 12
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get key1
"joxxrdig.com"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

设置有效时间

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> setex key3 20 "hello" # 指定key3的值，并设置30s后过期
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl key3
(integer) 13
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> setnx key4 "redis" # 如果key4不存在，就创建key4
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
1) "key1"
2) "key4"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl kye3
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> setnx key4 "db" # 如果key4存在，就创建失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get key4
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

批量设置和获取值

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> flushdb # 清空
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3 # 同时设置多个值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k2"
3) "k1"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> mget k1 k2 k3 # 同时获取多个值
1) "v1"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> msetnx k1 v1 k4 v4 # msetnx是原子性操作
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get k4
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

设置对象

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# 常用设置对象方法
# set user:1{name:jokerdig,age:18} # 设置一个user:1对象，值用json字符来保存一个对象
# 还可以这样设置对象
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> mset user:1:name jokerdig user:1:age 18
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> mget user:1:name user:1:age
1) "jokerdig"
2) "18"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

组合命令

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getset db redis # 如果不存在值，就返回nil
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get db
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getset db mongdb # 如果存在值，就获取原来的值，并设置新的值
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get db
"mongdb"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

List列表类型详解

常用基本命令

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPUSH list one # 将一个或多个值插入列表头部 
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPUSH list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPUSH list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1 # 获取范围内的值，0 -1获取所有值
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
####################################
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> RPUSH list four #  将一个或多个值，插入列表尾部
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPUSH list five # 将一个或多个值，插入列表头部
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "five"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"
5) "four"
####################################
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> RPOP list # 移除最后一个元素
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP list # 移除第一个元素
"five"
####################################
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lindex list 0 # 通过下标获取值
"three"
####################################
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> llen list # 返回列表长度
(integer) 3
####################################
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPUSH list three
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrem list 1 one # 按指定数量移除指定的值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrem list 2 three
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "two"

截断列表元素

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> Rpush list1 "jokerdig"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> Rpush list1 "jokerdig1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> Rpush list1 "jokerdig2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> Rpush list1 "jokerdig3"
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> Rpush list1 "jokerdig4"
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list1  0 -1
1) "jokerdig"
2) "jokerdig1"
3) "jokerdig2"
4) "jokerdig3"
5) "jokerdig4"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ltrim list1 1 3 # 根据指定范围截取指定列表长度，list1已经被改变
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LRANGE list1  0 -1
1) "jokerdig1"
2) "jokerdig2"
3) "jokerdig3"

rpoplpush

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# 移除列表最后一个元素，并添加一个新的列表中
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush list2 "hello1"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush list2 "hello2"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush list2 "hello3"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpoplpush list2 list2_1
"hello3"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list2 0 -1
1) "hello1"
2) "hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list2_1  0 -1
1) "hello3"

lset

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# 将列表中指定下标的值替换为另一个值(更新)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> exists list # 判断列表是否存在
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lset list 0 hello # 如果不存在，会报错
(error) ERR no such key
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lpush list value1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "value1"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lset list 0 hello
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lset list 1 hello1
(error) ERR index out of range

linsert

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# 将某个具体的value插入到列表中某个元素的前面或后面
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush list1 "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush list1 "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> linsert list1 before hello1 hello2
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list1 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello2"
3) "hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> linsert list1 after  hello1 hello3
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lrange list1 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello2"
3) "hello1"
4) "hello3"

小结

  • list实际上是一个链表，before Node after，left，right都可以插入值；
  • 如果key不存在，就创建新的链表；
  • 如果key存在，新增内容；
  • 如果移除所有值(空链表)，也代表不存在；
  • 在两边插入值效率高，插入中间元素，效率偏低；

Set集合类型详解

set无序不重复集合

基本命令

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "hello" # set集合中添加值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "jokerdig"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "joker"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers myset # 查看指定set的所有值
1) "jokerdig"
2) "joker"
3) "hello" 
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sismember myset hello # 判断某个值是否在set集合
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sismember myset world
(integer) 0

获取和移除set元素

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> srem myset hello # 移除set集合中指定的元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> scard myset # 获取set集合中的元素个数
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers myset
1) "jokerdig"
2) "joker"

srandmember

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# 随机抽选结合中的一个元素
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> srandmember myset
"joker"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> srandmember myset
"jokerdig"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> srandmember myset 2 # 随机抽出指定个数的元素
1) "jokerdig"
2) "joker"

spop

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# 随机删除set集合中的元素
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> spop myset
"joker"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers myset
1) "jokerdig"

移动值到另一个集合

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "world"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd myset "jokerdig"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smove myset myset2 jokerdig
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
1) "myset2"
2) "myset"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers myset2
1) "jokerdig"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers myset
1) "world"
2) "hello"

两个集合值的关系

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key1 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key1 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key2 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key2 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd key2 d
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sdiff key1 key2 # 查集
1) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sinter key1 key2 # 交集
1) "c"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sunion key1 key2 # 并集
1) "c"
2) "b"
3) "d"
4) "a"

Hash哈希类型详解

Map集合：key-map(key-value)

基本命令

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hset myhash field1 jokerdig # set一个具体的key-value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hget myhash field1 # 获取一个字段值
"jokerdig"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hmset myhash field1 hello field1 world # set多个key-value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hmget myhash field1 field2# 获取多个字段值
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hgetall myhash# 获取全部字段值
1) "field1"
2) "hello"
3) "field2"
4) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hdel myhash field1 # 删除指定的值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hgetall myhash
1) "field2"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

获取长度

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hlen myhash # 获取字段长度
(integer) 1

判断字段是否存在

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hexists myhash field1
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hexists myhash field2
(integer) 1

获得所有key和value

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hkeys myhash
1) "field2"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hvals myhash
1) "world"

指定增量及hsetnx

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hset myhash field2 3 # 指定增量
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hset myhash field1 3
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hincrby myhash field1 1
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hsetnx myhash field2 world # 如果存在则设置失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hsetnx myhash field3  world # 不存在则设置成功
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

哈希更适合存放对象

Zset有序集合详解

在set的基础上增加一个值，可以排序

基本命令

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd myzset 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd myzset 2 two 3 three
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrange myzset 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
3) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zcard myzset # 获取有序结合个数
(integer) 3

排序实现

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd salary 2500 joker 
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd salary 5000 zhangsan
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd salary 1000 tiangou
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf # 正序排序 条件是最小值和最大值，可以是负无穷-正无穷
1) "tiangou"
2) "joker"
3) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrevrange salary 0 -1 # 负序排序
1) "joker"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "tiangou"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf withscores # 正序排序并附带信息
1) "tiangou"
2) "1000"
3) "joker"
4) "2500"
5) "zhangsan"
6) "5000"

移除元素

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "tiangou"
2) "joker"
3) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrem salary tiangou
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "joker"
2) "zhangsan"

区间获取

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127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd myzset1 1 hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd myzset1 2 world 3 jokerdig
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zcount myzset1 1 3 # 根据区间获取值的数量
(integer) 3